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Operation On-Target is a high adventure Varsity Scout program activity, open to Venturers and older Boy Scouts. The event is mainly held in the western United States, but has included Hawaii and New York.〔 The basic idea is to have Scouts scattered across a particular area, located on mountain peaks or other prominent points〔 within line of sight of each other. Using large signaling mirrors, they relay messages from peak to peak. Success in the event depends on team skills such as map-reading, compass skills, mirror-building, mirror signaling and teamwork. Many units spend time in the weeks or months before the actual event learning communications skills like ham radio and signaling. Reaching the peak can also be a challenge, requiring the boys to practice hiking, camping, and backpacking skills.〔 They also need to consider what they will do if the clouds block the sun. The name "Operation On-Target" was chosen at its inception in 1980〔 because: "''The purpose of the experience was to get the Scouts on target with the Varsity Scout program, and on target on the peaks with mirrors''" - Doug Brewer〔 , founder of Operation On-Target.〔 Two main goals are to establish a signal link from the Mexican border to the Canadian border,〔 and to make a link from the Pacific Ocean to at least the continental divide. The event has been annual since 1981. As many as 5,000 scouts have participated in a single year, with participation from Utah, Arizona, Wyoming, Idaho, Nevada, California, Oregon and Washington, from Puget Sound in Washington to Catalina Island and San Diego in California. The annual event is held on the third Saturday in July〔 and September. Areas with warmer climates typically see larger turnout on the latter date. A manual for this event was developed by the Great Salt Lake Council, was later reprinted in one of the ''Varsity Scout Program Helps'' books, and now is a chapter in the Boy Scouts of America ''Varsity Team Features Volume II'' handbook.〔 While even small handheld mirrors, 3" to 4" on a side, can be seen 30 miles away,〔 teams are encouraged to take along at least one large mirror.〔 The classic large Operation On-Target signal mirror is a modular design with four square feet of reflecting area, transported in backpacks and assembled on-site. It consists of four 12"x12" mirrors bolted to a square of plywood with wing bolts and mounted on a light tripod. A small aimable signal mirror is taped to one edge as a sight.〔 == Early beginnings == Operation On-Target was foreshadowed by the 1964-1965 "Signal Festival"〔"Scouts Plan Signal Event At Clearfield" Ogden Standard Examiner, July 21, 1965, page 12A〕 organized by Glannin A. Cloward, a former U.S. Air Force pilot and WWII veteran. In 1964 Mr. Cloward led a group of 10 Explorer Scouts from Post 156 (Clearfield, Utah) to the top of Mt. Timpanogos; from there they flashed signals (reflected sunlight) down to the inhabitants of Utah Valley (see photos〔http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Explorer_Scouts_(Post_156,_Clearfield_Utah)_with_signal_mirrors_at_the_peak_of_Mt._Timpanogos,_1964.jpg〕〔http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Explorer_Scouts_(Post_156,_Clearfield,_Utah)_use_mirrors_to_send_signals_(sunlight_%27flashes%27)_from_Mt._Timpanogos_to_residents_of_Utah_Valley_below..jpg〕) using pieces of old mirrors from which Mr. Cloward had created signal mirrors patterned after those carried in military aircraft survival kits. Several dozen local residents, seeing bright flashes from the peak, improvised return signals using household mirrors from locations around the valley approximately 5 to 25 miles away. The following year a peak-to-peak signaling event was attempted between five peaks in northern Utah,〔 but due to bad weather and inadequate planning communication was successful only between two of the five peaks. Mr. Cloward organized similar activities involving one to three scout units multiple times from 1965 to 1979 from various mountain peaks in central and northern Utah. In 1980 Mr. Douglas G. Brewer,〔 Varsity Scout commissioner for the Great Salt Lake Council,〔 and several other Scout Leaders built upon Mr. Cloward's experience to create Operation On-Target as a well coordinated, multi-council, multi-state activity in the nascent Varsity Scouting program. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Operation On-Target」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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